Time to re-think how we’re fighting an abhorrent form of violence committed against too many young girls

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- PHOTO TAKEN 13JUN06 - A woman holds a card in her lap about the problems with female genital mutilation (FGM) during a session to educate women in Minia, Egypt June 13, 2006. The practice of FGM dates back over two thousand years in Egypt and is widely practiced in all levels of society for [Muslims and Christians] alike. Many [organizations like UNICEF] have funded programs to help educate people about the risks and dangers of FGM in order to change people's opinions on this procedure which is seen by many as a necessary social norm. Picture taken June 13, 2006. - RTXOQUY

 

It has taken several decades for the reality to sink in that FGM is not a cultural practice, but rather a human rights violation

Four young girls lost their lives recently after undergoing female genital mutilation (FGM) in Somalia. They had a lot in common. All four were almost exactly the same age — between 10 and 11 years old. Everyone lived within a 200-mile radius.

Deeqa Dahir Nuur was the first of the four to die in mid-July when she was taken to a traditional cutter in Olol village in the central state of Galmudug. She bled for two full days before her family took her to hospital in the town of Dhusmareb, where she passed away.

News of her death reached international media and caused such an outrage that Somalia’s Deputy Prime Minister Mahdi Mohamed Guuled called for a full investigation. However, this has yet to happen.

Last month, two sisters from the remote pastoral village of Arawda in Galdogob, Puntland, died in very similar circumstances. Aasiyo Farah Abdi Warsame and her sister Khadijo, ages 10 and 11 respectively, died after they hemorrhaged for over 24 hours. Once again, their families did not seek medical help until it was too late. Both girls died on their way to hospital. 

In late August, 10-year-old Suheyra Qorane Farah and her 7-year-old sister Zamzam underwent FGM in their home in Tuurdibi, a tiny village near the Ethiopian border. They also bled profusely and, a week later, fell into a coma. The girls’ mother decided to take them to a medical facility in Galdogob, where they both remained for close to two weeks. Zamzam’s condition improved slightly, but her older sister died in late September after contracting tetanus. 

Suheyra’s father denied all knowledge of the plan for his daughters to undergo FGM and claimed he was away when it happened. He does not want the law involved and thinks the issue should be “handled” by religious leaders. Even when girls die from FGM in Somalia, families continue to believe it was an “act of God.”

It has taken several decades for the reality to sink in that FGM is not a cultural practice, but rather a human rights violation, an extreme subjugation of women and girls — often leaving them with harmful lifelong medical and psychological consequences, and sometimes even taking their lives through bleeding or infection.

According to UNICEF, at least 200 million women and girls around the world have been affected by FGM. In Somalia alone, 98 percent of women and girls have undergone the procedure — the highest rate on the planet. We have no clear idea how many more girls have died along the way, but based on anecdotal evidence it is probably a very significant number. 

It is clear to those of us who have worked on the issue for years that the recent deaths we have heard about in Somalia and elsewhere are not uncommon, but better reporting and communications has helped ensure that they no longer take place under a cloak of silence. 

A girl speaks as she takes part with other young women and men in a discussion on female genital mutilation (FGM) at an after school program for children’s rights at Sheikh Nuur primary school in Hargeysa. FGM is on the decline in northern Somalia, though it continues to have some of the highest rates of women who have undergone the practice in the world. (Nichole Sobecki/AFP/Getty Images)

And yet we still do not have a complete ban on FGM in several countries with higher levels of prevalence — including Somalia. Draft laws have been written — and partially approved — in both Puntland and at the federal level in Mogadishu, but politicians have been blocked by traditional leaders in getting either of these passed. 

Donor Direct Action, the organization I founded in 2011, partners with The Galkayo Centre in Puntland Somalia. This group has been working to end FGM for almost two decades. After her sister died from undergoing FGM, Hawa Aden Mohamed, the Centre’s Executive Director, committed her life to ensuring that this abuse of girls in Somalia is eradicated.

We worked directly with Hawa to amplify the recent fatalities in international media, and genuinely hoped that they would be a shocking wake-up call for politicians who would hasten to ensure girls are kept safe. Although the silence has been broken in Somalia — and it is no longer possible to claim that girls do not die from FGM — we are still waiting for the country’s politicians to even investigate these cases, much less prosecute them.

Another central strand of ending FGM is getting funding to groups like The Galkayo Centre, which has been successfully educating girls and their families about its dangers. Many of the girls Hawa works with have unfortunately already been cut, but they are the key to breaking the cycle for future generations. Groups like this are doing so much life-saving work, with minimal funding. 

In 2013, the U.K. Department for International Development announced the biggest-ever international investment in ending FGM. It pledged £35m, which was largely directly toward the United Nations Joint Programme, a research initiative mainly focused on secondary research and a communications program, run by a U.K.-based for-profit management consultancy. While helpful to the cause, this approach is no substitute for frontline grassroots advocacy.

Shortly after that funding was announced the late Efua Dorkenoo, known as the “mother of the anti-FGM movement,” wrote about her hope that those existing programs across Africa where countries are making progress should be funded. It is unclear how much funding has reached those frontline groups working to end it. Sadly, it is likely to be very little, if any at all.

Today is International Day of the Girl. There seems no better moment to really zone in on ensuring that girls like Deeqa, Aasiyo, Khadijo, and Suheyra are no longer killed from this abhorrent and unnecessary form of violence committed against them. We hope that Somalia, Sudan and Sierra Leone all ban FGM outright — but we also need to drastically re-think how the campaign is funded internationally, so that we can ensure that those leading efforts to end it finally have the resources they need to do so.

Jessica Neuwirth is founder of Donor Direct Action, an international organization, which runs the Efua Dorkenoo Fund to End FGM for front line women’s groups.

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